HomeSG Linux Fundamental Exam Ver.1 SG Linux Fundamental Exam Ver.1Full nameEmail addressGenderSelectMaleFemaleOtherPrefer not to sayCurrent statusSelectSchool studentCollege studentWorking professionalJob seekerTeacher/TrainerOther I agree that my details and score may be stored for quiz administration.Start QuizQuestion 1 of 50FilesystemEasy2 mark(s)1. Which are standard Linux filesystem directories?Select all correct answers./var/usr/etc/tmp/windowsStorageMedium2 mark(s)2. Which command estimates disk space used by files and directories?Select one answer.mountblkiddfduTrap QuestionsHard4 mark(s)3. A command uses > output.log twice. What happens to the earlier content?Select one answer.It is automatically archivedIt is overwrittenIt is appendedIt is encryptedLoggingMedium2 mark(s)4. Which command is used to view logs managed by systemd-journald?Select one answer.journalctlsyslogctldmesg -c onlylogread onlyPermissionsMedium2 mark(s)5. What permission value represents rwxr-xr-x?Select one answer.755777700644Trap QuestionsHard4 mark(s)6. Why can chmod 777 be an insecure troubleshooting shortcut?Select one answer.It prevents root accessIt grants read, write, and execute permissions to everyoneIt makes the file invisibleIt encrypts the file incorrectlyFilesystemMedium3 mark(s)7. Which statements about symbolic links are correct?Select all correct answers.They can point to directoriesThey may become broken if the target is removedThey can cross filesystemsThey have their own inodeThey share the target inodeStorageMedium2 mark(s)8. Which command reports filesystem space usage?Select one answer.dffreelsblkduFilesystemEasy2 mark(s)9. Which items can identify a Linux file?Select all correct answers.Screen resolutionAbsolute pathRelative pathInode numberFilenamePackage ManagementHard5 mark(s)10. Which are valid differences between apt update and apt upgrade?Select all correct answers.apt update refreshes package metadataapt update does not normally upgrade installed packagesapt upgrade may require refreshed metadata for current resultsBoth commands always remove the kernelapt upgrade installs available package updatesFilesystemMedium3 mark(s)11. Which statements about hard links are correct?Select all correct answers.They reference the same inodeThey have independent file contentDeleting one name does not remove data while another hard link existsThey normally link directories without restrictionThey normally cannot cross filesystemsPermissionsHard4 mark(s)12. A user has write permission on a file but cannot access it through its path. Which directory permission may be missing?Select one answer.Execute on a parent directorySetuid on the fileSticky bit on /tmpRead on /procPermissionsHard4 mark(s)13. A user can read a directory listing but cannot create files inside it. Which permission is most directly missing on the directory?Select one answer.ReadSetuidWriteExecuteShell BasicsEasy2 mark(s)14. Which are common Linux shells?Select all correct answers.FishBashZshPowerShellBIOSLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)15. What does the command rm normally do?Select one answer.Restarts LinuxRenames a fileDisplays memoryRemoves files or directoriesSecurityMedium3 mark(s)16. Which are common SSH hardening practices?Select all correct answers.Use key-based authenticationEnable anonymous loginRestrict allowed usersKeep the SSH service updatedDisable direct root login where practicalLinux CommandsEasy2 mark(s)17. Which commands can display text file content?Select all correct answers.catmoremkdirlessheadProcess ManagementMedium2 mark(s)18. Which signal is sent by the default kill command?Select one answer.SIGSTOPSIGTERMSIGKILLSIGHUPLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)19. Which command copies files or directories?Select one answer.rmmvcplnTrap QuestionsMedium3 mark(s)20. Which can cause a script to fail under cron even when it works interactively?Select all correct answers.Missing environment variablesRelative pathsDifferent working directoryDifferent PATHCron automatically grants root accessStorageHard5 mark(s)21. Which observations can indicate inode exhaustion?Select all correct answers.New files cannot be created despite free disk blocksdf -i shows no free inodesThe filesystem contains very many small filesDeleting many small files restores the ability to create filesMemory usage is always zeroLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)22. Which command is used to change directories?Select one answer.mvcpcdpwdProcess ManagementHard4 mark(s)23. What is the main risk of using kill -9 as the first response to a hung process?Select one answer.It always reboots the systemIt changes file ownershipThe process cannot perform cleanup or save stateIt disables networkingPermissionsMedium2 mark(s)24. Which command changes file permission bits?Select one answer.chownchmodpasswdusermodPerformanceMedium3 mark(s)25. Which commands can help inspect memory usage?Select all correct answers.htopvmstatmkdirfreetopTrap QuestionsHard5 mark(s)26. Which can explain why a user can log in through SSH but cannot run sudo?Select all correct answers.A policy plugin or PAM restriction appliesThe user is in the wrong administrative groupThe sudoers file contains an invalid ruleThe user is not authorized in sudoersSuccessful SSH login automatically grants sudoUsers and GroupsEasy1 mark(s)27. Which user normally has unrestricted administrative privileges on Linux?Select one answer.rootguestdaemonnobodySystemdHard5 mark(s)28. Which steps are appropriate when troubleshooting a failed systemd service?Select all correct answers.Check dependencies and permissionsReview journalctl logsImmediately delete the unit fileValidate configuration syntaxCheck systemctl statusShell ScriptingHard4 mark(s)29. A script contains echo $UNSET_VAR and exits because set -u is enabled. Why?Select one answer.The shell becomes rootThe file is read-onlyReferencing an unset variable is treated as an errorecho is unavailableStorageMedium2 mark(s)30. What is the purpose of /etc/fstab?Select one answer.Store user passwordsList running processesConfigure DNS zonesDefine filesystems and mount optionsLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)31. Which command displays the current working directory?Select one answer.cdpwdlswhoamiUsers and GroupsMedium2 mark(s)32. What is the purpose of /etc/shadow?Select one answer.Store encrypted password hashes and password-aging dataStore bootloader filesStore mounted filesystemsStore DNS recordsPackage ManagementMedium3 mark(s)33. Which are valid package-management commands on common Linux distributions?Select all correct answers.yumdnfmkfsaptpacmanLinux CommandsEasy2 mark(s)34. Which commands can create directories?Select all correct answers.mkdirtouchcp -rinstall -dSchedulingMedium2 mark(s)35. Which command schedules a recurring job?Select one answer.sleepatcrontabnohupFilesystemEasy1 mark(s)36. Which directory normally contains user home directories?Select one answer./var/boot/etc/homeLinux CommandsMedium3 mark(s)37. Which commands can search for files or file content?Select all correct answers.locatepasswdgreprgfindTrap QuestionsHard4 mark(s)38. A filesystem reports 100% usage in df, but du shows much less usage. What is a likely cause?Select one answer.The system clock is incorrectThe hostname is missingA deleted file is still held open by a running processThe shell prompt is too longNetworkingMedium3 mark(s)39. Which commands can display network interface information?Select all correct answers.ifconfigipconfigchmodnmcli device showip addrLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)40. Which command displays the currently logged-in username?Select one answer.whoamihostnameunamedatePerformanceHard5 mark(s)41. Which can cause load average to be high even when CPU utilization is not near 100%?Select all correct answers.Blocked tasksHeavy network filesystem delaysProcesses waiting on uninterruptible I/OStorage latencyA short hostnamePermissionsMedium2 mark(s)42. Which command changes file ownership?Select one answer.umaskchownchgrpchmodSecurityHard5 mark(s)43. Which conditions can prevent a user from writing to a file despite permissive Unix mode bits?Select all correct answers.Filesystem mounted read-onlyCorrect ownershipSELinux or AppArmor policyACL denies or lacks required accessImmutable file attributeShell ScriptingHard5 mark(s)44. Which practices improve reliability of production shell scripts?Select all correct answers.Assume every command succeedsLog meaningful errorsUse absolute paths where appropriateCheck command exit statusQuote variable expansionsLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)45. Which command creates an empty file if it does not already exist?Select one answer.cattouchmountgrepSystemdMedium2 mark(s)46. What does systemctl enable service-name normally do?Select one answer.Starts the service only for the current sessionDisplays service logsConfigures the service to start at bootDeletes the serviceProcess ManagementMedium2 mark(s)47. Which command displays running processes in a snapshot?Select one answer.dfpsfreeduLinux CommandsEasy1 mark(s)48. Which command lists files and directories?Select one answer.touchrmmkdirlsTrap QuestionsHard4 mark(s)49. A service starts successfully with systemctl start but does not start after reboot. What is the most likely cause?Select one answer.The kernel has no hostnameThe service has too many logsThe root filesystem is read-only by designThe service was not enabledUsers and GroupsEasy1 mark(s)50. Which file contains basic local user account information?Select one answer./etc/hosts/etc/passwd/etc/shadow/etc/fstabPreviousNextSubmit Quiz Related Discover more from SanchitGurukul Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email. Type your email… Subscribe
